AWT and gravity

This post is motivated by recent NewScientist article Seven things that don't make sense about gravity. By AWT gravity is manifestation of shielding effect (supergravity), similar to Casimir force in 3D space. Massive objects are standing wave packets of energy, which spreads to their neighborhood in evanescent waves, which are making vacuum more dense. Because energy spreads more slowly in more dense environment, omnidirectional energy waves are retarded and shielded by this environment.

This model is consistent with Fatio-LeSage theory of gravitation, which remains after four hundred years the only theory capable to explain/predict the inverse square law, on which Bullialdus-Hooke-Newton's gravitational law and Einstein's field equations of general relativity are based (the potential energy field term and its gravitational constant are borrowed from gravitational law). Sailing boats at the undulating water surface are attracted together by the same mechanism.



Note that LeSage theory implies the existence of tachyons in form of "ultramundane universe particle flux" propagating in hidden dimensions, which is consistent with holographic principle.



The connection of gravity and omnidirectional universe expansion can be understood on background of general relativity and quantum mechanics theories duality, which is expressed in formal form by Maldacena's AdS/CFT correspondence and it manifests itself in most pronounced way of "vacuum catastrophe" in prediction of cosmological constant and density of vacuum, describing omnidirectional Universe expansion. Briefly speaking, quantum field theory observes particles and their gravitational lenses from exsintric (outer) perspective of flat space-time, so it considers the omnidirectional expansion of space-time as a collapse. By Schrodinger equation of quantum mechanics all wave packets of free particles would expand in speed of light, which is apparently unphysical solution. Such expansion is compensated by omnidirectional space-time collapse or by gravity field, which cannot be predicted/derived by using of quantum theory.

General relativity describes quantum wave packets and gravitational lenses from insintric perspective (where observer remains affected by gravity field) and it suffers the similar, just dual problem: it predicts the existence of black holes composed of gravitons and gravitational geons, composed of gravitational waves - but it cannot explain, why such object cannot collapse into singularity due their gravity. The concept of omnidirectional space-time expansion prohibits such collapse again. As we can see, the concept of omnidirectional expansion/collapse is closely linked into gravitational force in such a way, we can say, the gravitation is the acceleration force of omnidirectional universe expansion inside of gradient of vacuum density. By AWT omnidirectional universe expansion is an emergent dispersion phenomena, which we can experience inside of field of density fluctuations like during observation inside of fog or foam.

By using of particle model we can therefore predict/explain:

1. Why strength of gravity is indirectly proportional to 2nd power of distance in 3D space-time and why gravity law becomes violated at the proximity toward higher dimensions (Casimir force operates in six dimensions and its indirectly proportional to fifth power of distance between spherical points, fourth power of distance between planparallel plates).
2. Why speed of gravitational waves is inherently superluminal by the same way, like speed of underwater waves exceeds the speed of surface waves and why we cannot observe/detect gravitational waves by using of light directly, but by changes of cosmic microwave background noise intensity.
   
   
3. Why the gravitational waves and force are so weak with comparison to electromagnetic waves/force by using of underwater/surface analogy again (the ratio of force constants of electromagnetic and gravitation (~10E+40) would correspond the ratio of speed of electromagnetic and gravitational waves propagation and the ratio of space-time expansion/compactification during inflation period)
4. Why gravity is attractive force only in the world, where observable particles are of positive curvature only. In AWT the repulsing gravity is equivalent to pressure of radiation, energy field is an area of negative curvature (a "hole") of space. Inside of Lagrangian points the gravity field would become of repulsive character at least locally. Antimatter particles of negative surface curvature would exhibit an "antigravity" force at least partially.
5. Why we cannot have a rigorous theory of quantum gravity. While general relativity and quantum theory are based on mutually reciprocal geometries and T-dual perspectives and formally inconsistent postulate set, we cannot expect an rigorously explicit and self-consistent theory based on quantum uncertainty. The string theory suffers the same conceptual problem, like quantum gravity and other quantum field theories.
6. Why existence of life is related to presence of gravity. By AWT the last step of life evolution were tightly connected to gravitational force - not just to the electromagnetic forces and surface tension phenomena, which cannot enable the required degree of complexity and energy density of space-time events (i.e. mutations). It means, without gravity force (for example at the case of tiny planets in absence of tidal effects) the life could not evolve to the required degree of complexity so fast, if ever at all and organic life is not just adapted to gravity, but it even requires it for its formation and evolution.
7. How we can reflect gravitational waves or shield gravitational force. In analogy to water surface, the longitudinal waves are reflected by density gradients composed of chaotically moving massive particles. By AWT such particles exists in superconductors due the compensation of repulsive forces of electrons under mutual pressure, which leads to delocalization of their quantum waves to macroscopic size, enabling shielding effect. When a gravitational wave at microwave frequencies impinges superconducting layer, the delocalization of the charge carriers causes them to undergo non-geodesic motion relative to the geodesic motion of the decohered holes in the superconductor lattice due the equivalence principle and charge separation. This excitation effect enhances the interaction of a gravitational wave with a superconductor relative to that of normal matter, so that the wave will be reflected from rotating superconducting film in gravitomagnetic analogy of Barnett Effect (1, 2).
   
   The gravitational shielding was observed first in Podkletnov's experiments above rotating superconductor disk and it was examined further by measuring of angular momentum by gravitometers and by fiber optic gyroscope signal (1, 2, 3) above rotating superconductors. From AWT follows, such shielding could hinder the formation of entangled states and "spooky action at distance" as well, thus increasing the stability and safety of quantum cryptography, for example.

Does gravity change with time?

AWT is fully consistent with ekpyrotic cosmology, while branes are generally considered a density gradients of Aether. Which basically means, observable Universe passes through density gradient of Aether, which results in omnidirectional space-time expansion. Because of fractal foam nature of branes and time dimension, it's probable, this expansion would change it's direction in less or more distant perspective, but it will never repeat in the same way. It means, AWT is somewhere between aperiodic (i.e. Friedman's cosmology, for example) and cyclic cosmology.



Brane cosmology is directly testable both in space, both in time dimension, because it manifests both in foamy structure of dark matter, both in gradient of space-time expansion, i.e. by the Doppler anisotropy of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). From time perspective we should observe a change of gravity constant with time, because observable portion of Universe passes through more and more dense Aether gradually (we can interpret it like fall into giant black hole). This behavior leads to new interpretation of classical theory of expanding Earth, but it can be tested in even more straightforward ways.



Because observable matter has a greater density, then the vacuum, we can consider it as a pieces of pre-collapsed Aether foam. During space-time deforms, these peaces would behave like more stiff and the density difference between Aether foam forming matter and vacuum will cease to zero. Because the gravity force and gravity constant depends on this density difference, it will decrease too with time. We can even observe it in real time for example by gradual decrease of mass of kilogram prototype - as it virtually dissolves in collapsing vacuum (compare the proton decay, as predicted by Standard model).



We should realize, we cannot detect the change in light speed in expanding space-time, until we use measure based on standing waves of light (i.e. laser resonator in contemporary SI system of units) for meter definition. But when we use a solid rod as a reference measure, we could detect change of light speed related to this measure - after then the gravity constant would remain constant, just the light speed will change - so we shouldn't detect any change in fine structure constant anyway. By some theorists change in speed of light is interpreted as a disappearance of time from our Universe, but such interpretation is apparently dual to variable light speed concept and/or accelerated space-rip, as interpreted by other cosmologists.



The more dense vacuum is, the less stable are all material objects in it, the smaller amount matter is sufficient for phase transition of stellar mass. Therefore the decrease of gravity constant is followed by gradual decrease of luminosity of periodic flashes of type Ia supernovae cefeids (so called the standard candles), which would appear more remote and frequent, then those in constant gravity field. From this perspective the speed of Universe expansion would remain constant (i.e. no dark energy should be required) - just the gravity constant or speed of light will change. These insights render our Universe a much more dynamic, then we ever expected before - but we should realize, they're plural and as such they shouldn't be mixed mutually.



The annual motion of Earth in Aether density gradients should manifest by subtle annual changes of gravity constant or light speed, too. This possibility was opened recently and it can be tested easily by correlation of annual changes in gravity constant to spatial orientation toward Virgo cluster and Rubin-Ford anisotropy.


More dense vacuum in direction to Virgo cluster should increase the speed of heavy element decay, because it weakens all attractive forces, not just the gravity. This annual change in decay rate of heavy elements was observed recently at the case of Si-32 and Ra-226 elements, which was correlated to Earth-Sun distance and possibly the catalysis of decay by solar neutrino flux. Again, the correlation of these observations with CMB anisotropy can help us decide, which explanation is more relevant here. As we can see, even quite rough logical approach brings a number of testable predictions and connections here.

Is gravity or even vacuum formed by neutrinos?

This post is reaction to recent arXiv article of Bob McElrath from CERN, in which the hypothesis, gravity is formed by flux of primordial neutrino fluid is conjectured. Such idea brings an Aether concept and a classical Fotio-LeSage theory of gravity in mind immediately. Some authors are even considering, the vacuum itself is formed by neutrino fluid, it means, the observable neutrinos are just wildly moving species in oceans of neutrinos.

Personally, while such theory appears appealing from many reasons and we can see many connections to ancient Aether theories apparently, personally I'm in doubt, just the neutrinos are fundamental particles, responsible for gravity action, space-time (curvature) the less. By such theories neutrinos are considered to play role of gravitons or even Aether particles - i.e. much more fundamental particles, then neutrinos. Neutrinos are particle exhibiting a weak force, which is explained by AWT like manifestation of surface tension, analogous to repulsive force of tiny mercury droplets, which are composed by even much smaller particles. In addition, if neutrinos are forming gravity force, they should remain very invariant to it. Such neutrinos not only should pass the event horizon of black holes freely, their concentration should form the gravity field itself and gravity waves should be formed by waves of neutrino concentration. After then the event horizon of black holes should be formed by pure neutron fluid and black holes should be a neutrino stars. Inside of neutrino stars no gravity should appear at all, which violates the concept of daughter singularities inside them. While even AWT considers, some neutrinos could pass event horizon of black holes, observed neutrino flux emanated by black holes is generally much weaker.

In addition, the high density of neutrinos in vacuum brings another conceptual problems. By contemporary theories the mass of neutrinos accounts for some 5% of total mass of dark matter, i.e. the same portion, like photons of light. The neutrino gravity model would require such portion to become a much higher to explain a large gravity field, thus violating the concept of dark matter with repulsive behavior and gravitational lensing at the same moment.

In addition, high concentration of primordial neutrino flux makes the measurement of solar neutrino flux impossible, while we can still measure it with precision, sufficient for detection of neutron oscillations (we cannot measure the flux of water molecules, if such molecules are forming water at the same moment). From all these reasons is apparent, the vacuum must be formed by much smaller and more dense particles than neutrinos. Because we can see no apparent lower limit for Aether particle size, AWT is assuming, Aether particles are infinitely small, thus making Aether (particle field forming vacuum) universal, but abstract concept.

The neutrino based gravity theory can serve as an example of theory, which can be disproved easier by predicate logic, then by formal math, because it behaves in many aspects like epicycles theory of deBrahe, which supplies many predictions consistent with heliocentric model. Because of conceptual richness of Aether model, such emergent theory can even supply a new testable predictions, because it brings a new insights into existing model of gravity (a density gradient concept in particular). If nothing else, such theory is pleasant by its adherence to Occam razor principle, because it doesn't introduce a new concepts into physics - it just combines the well known ones. But as we can see on the example of Ptolemy's model (which follows the Occam's razor principle apparently) - even such approach can become misleading from less or more distant perspective.

Albert Einstein: "Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler."

A dual approach to Aether theory

The AWT can be interpreted as a extrapolation of 1D particle theory in 10-24 dimensions (i.e. string theories) to theory of zero-dimensional particles in infinite-dimensional space-time, i.e. into Aether. The quantum gravity (QG) theory can be considered as dual quantum field theory to string theory (ST) in certain extent, while still being slightly more general then ST, being based on general relativity, instead of special relativity, like ST. Which theory should be dual to Aether theory, after then?

By my opinion the most promising candidate should be generalized geometrodynamics, introduced by J.A. Wheeler in the mid of 50th of the last century. Geometrodynamics is general relativity based concept, which describes Universe in terms of space-time deformations. If we realize, all particles in AWT are formed by Aether density fluctuations, we can say, material particles are formed by space-time curvature and whole universe can be described in terms of nested space-time curvature and acceleration instead of mass/energy density field.

From geometrodynamics theory the Universe existence follows from omni-directional Universe expansion, which in its consequence leads to the formation of local and global event horizons, i.e. particles and gravity phenomena. While the quantum mechanics neglects the expansion of probability function (wave packets of particles) due the gravity (the existence of gravity cannot be derived from quantum mechanics), a classical geometrodynamics neglects the gravitational collapse of geons into singularities due the expansion of Universe.



The omni-directional Universe expansion/collapse prohibits both the expansion of wave packets into infinity from internal perspective, both the collapse of geons into singularities from internal perspective, so we can see, the gravity is a direct manifestation of Universe expansion and the gravity force as an acceleration force at the presence of space-time curvature.